The Great North South Divide

In 2004, a Sheffield University study suggested

·         “The north-south divide is getting wider”, and that  

·         People living in the south are likely to be better educated and earn more money than their northern counterparts”

The Great North South divide was brought to our attention again last year when the Joint Council for Qualifications showed that children living in the south east are around 40 per cent more likely to gain A’s in their GCSEs than those living in the north east of England.
So is it really true that the divide still exists in the 21st Century?

Hypothesis
The hypothesis is that students in the south and south east are more likely to be better educated than students in the north and other parts of the country? 
Here at www.11plusDIY.co.uk, we are perfectly placed to answer this question.  As part of the website www.11plusDIY.co.uk we maintain nationwide performance figures for students who are revising for the grammar school ‘11 Plus’ or similar school entrance exams. 


Methodology
To prove (or disprove) whether children in London or the South East score higher than their northern counterparts, we have taken a sample of over 500,000 questions answered by 11PLUSDIY students nationwide in the last three months (September – December 2010) and analysed the results on a school by school, local and regional basis.   


11 Plus Students – Regionally
The findings of our study show that students from London and the South East do on average score the highest countrywide percentage of correct marks on www.11PLUSDIY.co.uk tests – See Table 1.


Table 1 - Regional Average - Percentage of Correct Question answers  

Region	Avg % *
London	77.23%
South East	77.00%
West Midlands	76.19%
East Midlands	74.04%
North	73.15%
North West	72.84%
East	69.03%

According to figures we have collected and analysed, students from London correctly answer 77.23% of the questions they are asked (on www.11plusdiy.co.uk).  Students from the South East come second answering 77.00% of their questions correctly. As students move away from London and the South East, their scores reduce by up to 7-8%, which is consistent with the findings of the 2004 and 2010 studies.


Sub-Regions
If we look further into our results, we can see that the results are not as straight-forward, in that there are boroughs in London which do not perform as well as others; and likewise there are sub-regions outside London which performed very well on our analysis – See Table 2.


Most noticeably Birmingham, the West Midlands and Trafford score very well in our anlaysis, but even so not as well as the better performing South East suburbs. From our analysis the top five performing sub-regions/boroughs are in the South East, and particularly noticeable is Kingston who were the only sub-region to average over 80 per cent correct answers in the www.11plusdiy.co.uk tests that were completed.

Table 2 – Sub-Regional Average - Percentage of Correct Question answers

Sub Region	Avg % *
Kingston	81.87%
Redbridge	79.51%
Kent	79.38%
Enfield	79.27%
Slough	78.91%
Barnet	76.86%
Birmingham	76.74%
Walsall	76.09%
Sutton (Birm)	75.66%
Berkshire	74.68%
Wolverhampton	74.52%
Trafford	74.40%
Warwickshire	74.04%
Halifax	73.15%
Colchester	72.58%
Buckinghamshire	72.44%
Chelmsford	71.95%
Wirral	71.15%
Bromley	70.60%
Sutton (L)	69.37%
Surrey	67.57%
Southend	63.97%

* Table 2 shows only the sub-regions/boroughs that have completed what we believe to be a statistically relevant sample.

Conclusion

From our sample of approximately 500,000 questions, we conclude that students in London and the South East do perform on average better than students from elsewhere in the country on www.11plusdiy.co.uk tests.

We are going to be keeping an eye on these trends throughout 2011, so come back and see if our conclusions change over time.

Please also keep an eye out for the following blogs in the coming weeks:

·         11PLUSDIY – Performance Reporting 2 - The Great Sex Divide

·         11PLUSDIY – Performance Reporting 3 – The Great Practice Divide

·         11PLUSDIY – Performance Reporting 4 – The Great School Divide

For parents starting the 11+ journey, a big question is “How do I start my child with verbal reasoning”. This is a tough question because by their very definition, the VR questions are designed to be “non-teachable”.

There is no part of the school syllabus (independent or state schools alike) which targets VR specifically. The first thing to remember is that VR is heavily based on Mathematics and English. So a good grounding on quick mental mathematics and word vocabulary is very essential.

Next look at the types of VR questions here (Click Here). Remember there are the standard VR types and there are some additional types as well (Click Here). You may be tempted to go only for the ones which are likely to appear in your chosen school exam. But in my opinion this is a very dangerous strategy. There is no guarantee on the types of questions likely to appear in the exams. So covering every angle is not only the best insurance, but also is good for “brain training”.

Once you have seen and are conversant with all the VR types, select a few of them at a time. You can use the 11PlusDIY introduction samples for each type available [Click Here]. Sit with the child and introduce one VR question type at a time. I would recommend doing this even if you have a tutor who is going to cover the entire syllabus. Once you have introduced the child to each question type, and the child is familiar with all of them do not dive straight in with question papers! Most likely the scores are going to be low and you will get stresses while the child gets discouraged!

All VR questions can be grouped into basically 4 types:

• CODES : VR Type L, C, N and U
• MATHEMATICS:  VR Type G,P,K,I
• WORDS :  VR Type R, O, F, E, J, A , Q
• VOCABULARY : VR Type H,D,B,M,S

Start by selecting questions by groups and progressing to this intermediate stage before taking on the full test. 11PlusDIY has an excellent set of full exam style worksheets grouped by these types. These worksheets are excellent for introduction as well as revision.

Motivation and aspirations

I was at the Open Day for a much sought after Grammar Schools in the midlands recently. As all Open days are, this one was no different and the weather notwithstanding, the school was filled to the brim with anxious parent clutching their children with one hand and the school prospectus in the other. The highlight of the evening was supposed to be a presentation by the school headmaster in the large and spacious auditorium.

The Headmaster was obviously a man with many years of experience and started the presentation with a light joke or two before going into the details of the school and its pedigree. All seemed to be going well and as expected till the presentation reached the section about admission details. I might be missing a few words here, but what the headmaster said went something like:

“We encourage you to avoid tutors and coaching for the 11 plus exams at all costs. If your child has to be tutored to pass the 11+ exam, then this is not the school for you.”

The headmaster’s argument was that if your child required extra tuitions to pass the 11+, they would not be able to keep up with the stress and standards of work at the school. The Headmaster called Tutors a “recipe for failure at this school”.

This was certainly not what I was expecting. I violently disagree with the Headmaster. My statement is based on two things I have learnt while spending many years in formal education including 11 years at the University (MSc, PhD and MBA):

• ·         It is all about “motivation and aspiration”: The kind of children who are motivated enough to aspire to get to this school, are also the kind of children who will put in that “extra bit” to make up for any lack of natural abilities. All children are not super intelligent or child-prodigies, but those who are motivate and aspire to achieve, put in the effort required to make up.
• ·         “Peer groups are half the equation”: simply put, when put into a peer group of high achievers, children rise to the occasion (the opposite works as well!).

Any thoughts or comments? I would specially be interested in hearing from Parents and Teachers.

11PlusDIY - www.11plusdiy.co.uk

More Verbal Reasoning Question Types

In my last blog I explained the main types VR questions and their classifications. As I mentioned, most 11+ content creators and providers talk in terms of (roughly) the same classification. But if you look at the past exam papers and other preparatory material, you would have noticed that there is more to VR than these 21 types of questions!

Given that these 21 types do not adequately cover all the types which we see in the exams, 11PlusDIY have extended this classification with a few addiotional ones. In most cases these represent a variation of the standard type, but it is helpful to treat it as separate.

TYPE-X-1 : Find the word which cant be made	Question: TEMPTATION [MINT: MAIN: MAIL: MEANT: TEMPT] Answer: MAIL (As there is no 'L' in TEMPTATION)
TYPE-X-2 : Word Ladder	Question: SEED [_____]  FEES Answer : FEED
TYPE-X-3 : Direct Code	Question: In a secret code 'YDIRTLULSBDG' stands for 'PSYCHOLOGIST'. Using the same code work out how 'SCOTCH' should be written. Answer: DRLGRT
TYPE-X-4 : Alphabetical order	Question: If the words in the list below were arranged in APLHABETICAL order: which word would be THIRD? [ACHIEVE: ASSESS: ANGUISH: ABUSIVE: ACHIEVING] Answer: ACHIEVING
TYPE-X-5 : Reverse Alphabetical order	If the following words were written BACKWARDS and then put into ALPHABETICAL order: which word would be THIRD? [CONTACT: COTTON: CLINICAL: CAUSING: CONCISE] Answer:
TYPE-X-6 : Missing Alphabet	Which alphabet occurs in 'DINING': but not in 'SANDWICH'? Answer: G
TYPE-X-7 : Twice occurring alphabet	Question: Which letter occurs twice in 'PENALTIES' and also twice in 'REVEALING'? Answer: E
TYPE-X-8 : Most occurring alphabet	Question: Which letter of the Alphabet occurs most often in 'EXAGGERATE' Answer: E
TYPE-X-9 : Middle letter of word position	Question: Which position does the MIDDLE letter of the word 'APPLICATION' occupy in the Alphabet? Answer: 3
TYPE-X-10 : Reverse alphabet positions	Question: If the alphabet were written out backwards: what would be the letter at position 25? Answer: B
TYPE-X-11 : Repeated letter in words	Question: Which letter of the alphabet occurs TWICE in 'REVOLTED', THREE times in 'EXECUTIVE'. but not at all in 'BLOWING'? Answer: E
NFER_TYPE_X12	If all the ALPHABETS in the word 'THOROUGHFARE' were removed from the alphabet: which letter would be in position 4 in the new alphabet?
NFER_TYPE_X13	If all the VOWELS in the word 'THOROUGHFARE' were removed from the alphabet: which letter would be in position 4 in the new alphabet?
NFER_TYPE_X14	If all the CONSONANTS in the word 'THOROUGHFARE' were removed from the alphabet: which letter would be in position 4 in the new alphabet?
NFER_TYPE_X15	Which letter comes exactly midway in the alphabet between 'E' and the ELEVENTH letter?
NFER_TYPE_X16	Which CONSONANT in the word 'IMAGINATION' comes latest in the alphabet?
NFER_TYPE_X17	Which VOWEL in the word 'APATHETIC' comes latest in the alphabet?
NFER_TYPE_X18	Which VOWEL occurs TWICE in 'INCLUSION': but only ONCE in 'IMPERFECT'?
NFER_TYPE_X19	LOGIC
NFER_TYPE_X20	LOGIC
NFER_TYPE_X21: Reorder words in sentence	Question: You will think that have ought to they been very happy [THINK: THEY: HAVE: OUGHT] Answer: THEY, HAVE
NFER_TYPE_X22 : Anagram in sentence	Question: You can imagine their NEGFSIEL Answer: FEELINGS
NFER_TYPE_X23 : Anagram related to words	Question: ETERNITY ( total: sum ) Answer: ENTIRETY

In the table above question type X-4 to x-20 are covered in the “catch-the-all” type-21 of the standard VR question types. Similarly question types X-6 to x-18 are all very similar and you also find a few other variants of these along the same lines.

Even if you are sure that the school you are preparing for uses “nothing but the standard types”it is recommeneded that the preparation include as many variations of these standard types as possible. 

11PlusDIY - www.11PlusDIY.co.uk

Verbal Reasoning Question Types

 A question we have often been asked is “What are the type of Verbal Reasoning Questions for my LEA/School”. And if you do a quick search you will find a lot of sites out there offering advice and suggestions on just that. But irrespective of what these sites (or tutors) claim, and would have you believe, there is no straightforward or easy answer.

Most material providers and publishers classify their VR questions into 21 distinct types. Although the classification is generally the same, depending on where you look and whom you ask, the numbering scheme varies. I have also found at least 3 sources claiming to be “the first ones to classify” these questions!

The table below provides a list of “Standard VR Questions” used on 11PlusDIY.co.uk.

1	In the following question, find the letters that best complete the series.	TYPE-L : Complete alphabet series
2	In the following question, words have been written in code. The first word and it's code has been given to you. You must find the second word or code.	TYPE-C : Alphabet Code
3	You have been given four words and three codes. The codes are not necessarily written in the same order as the words and one code is missing. Once you have figured out which code belongs to which word, answer the question below.	TYPE-N : Word series Code
4	In the question below, the pairs of letters are related in some way. Write the letters which complete the second relationship. The alphabet has been provided to assist you.	TYPE-U : Word relationship
5	In each of the following question, the word in brackets in the second group must be made from the words outside the brackets in the same way as the word in brackets in the first group is made from the words outside the brackets in the first group. Find the missing word.	TYPE-R : Create word
6	In the following question there are three pairs of words. You must complete the third pair in the same way as the first two pairs.	TYPE-O : Complete word pairs
7	In the following question, one word, which is in capitals, has had three OR four consecutive letters taken out. These 3 or 4 letters will make one correctly spelt word without changing the order. Find the appropriate 3 or 4 letter word.	TYPE-F : Find the word
8	In the following question, you are given a sentence in which a four letter word is hidden at the end of one word and the beginning of the next word. Find the pair of words that contain a real four letter word and write the four letter word in the answer.	TYPE-E : Hidden word in sentence
9	In the following question, you are given two words. Choose one letter that can be moved from the word on the left to the word on the right, making two new words. You cannot rearrange any letters, but the letter that you move can fit anywhere in the second word.	TYPE-J : Rearrange to make new word
10	In the following question, find the one letter that will complete the word in front of the brackets and begin the word after the brackets. The same letter must fit into both sets of brackets.	TYPE-A : Insert A Letter
11	In the following question, find the two words, one from each group, that together make a new, real word. The word from the first group always comes first.	TYPE-Q : Form new word
12	In the following questions, find two words, one from each group that are most opposite in meaning.	TYPE-H : Opposites
13	In the following questions, find two words, one from each group that are most similar in meaning.	TYPE-D : Synonyms
14	In the following questions, find the two words that are different from the other three.	TYPE-B : Find the odd word
15	In the following questions you must chose two words, one from each group in brackets that best complete the sentence.	TYPE-M : Complete sentence
16	In the question below there are two pairs of words. Choose the word from the 5 possible answers which goes equally well with both the pairs.	TYPE-S : Pick the word in set
17	For the following question, numbers have been allocated to letters. Work out the answer to the sum and mark the appropriate letter on the answer sheet or in the space provided.	TYPE-G : Sums with alphabets
18	For the following question, find the number that best completes the series.	TYPE-P : Number series
19	In the following question, the numbers in the last group must be related to each other in the same way as the numbers in previous group(s). Find the missing number.	TYPE-K : Number relationship
20	In the following questions, find the number that best completes the sum.	TYPE-I : Complete the sum
21	Answer the following:	TYPE-Z : Answer the following

The last type is the “Catch-All” and generally includes Logic questions where the student has to read the question and comprehend the logic before answering. You can find examples of each type separately on our Free Downloads section. I would strongly recommend that parents introduce children to these formats one at time.

But the question still remains on how relevant this breakdown and question types are and can you prepare your child only for these types. The answer is a resounding No! There is no guarantee that these are the only types that your school will include in the exams. So the best strategy is to try and practice as many as different types as possible. A good example is the midlands exam this year where VR made a surprisingly small amount of contribution.

11PlusDIY has an additional 23 types other than these 21 types of VR questions which we use in our online question bank and practice papers. Some of these are variants of these standard types and other are different but have often appeared in the 11 plus exams.